Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), defined as aircraft operated without human pilots onboard, emerged as a revolutionary technology in the late 20th century. With the accelerated evolution of ...

To address the shortcomings of the gravitational search algorithm, such as its tendency to fall into local optima, slow convergence, and low solution accuracy, this paper proposes a gravitational ...

Overview: Algorithm selection is an engineering decision: the wrong choice can freeze a system at scale, regardless of ...